Cell Phones And Social Media - 2317 Words

Cellphones and Social Media are Dangerous in the Healthcare Field What are some ways that cell phones and social media contribute to accidents, injuries, and violations to the nurses, faculty, and patients? Cell phones and social media are hazardous in our everyday lives, as well as the use of them in hospitals and nursing homes. Would you want a nurse to take care of you that’s on his or her cell phone laughing, grinning, and talking about or looking at Facebook while injecting a shot into your arm? Neither would I. Cell phone usage and social media usage are distractions. For example: mostly all car accidents occur from people texting and driving, so just imagine the harm that can occur from a nurse using his or her cellphone while trying to attend to a patient. Instead of giving a patient Tylenol, the nurse accidentally grabs Penicillin and the patient is allergic to it. The use of cell phones would be fine as long as the faculty and staff are on break, but not while being clocked in and having other people’s lives in their hands. Cell phones and social media cause deaths, injuries, and legal issues to occur when least expected. The most common example used when speaking of cell phone distractions is using a cell phone while driving. The Center for Injury Research Prevention did a survey and explained that. â€Å"It is well established that distracted driving, and cell phone use while driving in particular, pose significant crash risk for drivers† They explained that theShow More RelatedCell Phones and Social Media1627 Words   |  7 PagesCell Phones and Social Media: Keeping in Touch with Everyone but Ourselves John Doe University/College 04 May 2014 Abstract Technology developed in the past decade has been life-changing. Cell phones have become the most quickly embraced consumer technology in history. Because of this boom and the monumental popularity of social media; have we lost the ability to communicate without this medium? Smartphones and pocket-sized mobile devices have allowed us to do things that were only dreamedRead MoreCell Phone And Social Media2251 Words   |  10 PagesThe Use of Cell Phone and Social Media in the Workplace People are saying goodbye to paper and hardback books and hello to kindle, e-books, the internet, smartphones and social media. Small bookstores are losing money due to customers purchasing today’s hottest technology. In today’s society, it appears that modern devices and digital conveniences are at our disposal making us less able to concentrate and are destructible. Is this hurting our minds and hindering our thoughts? I must say it’s makingRead MoreCell Phones And Social Media988 Words   |  4 PagesFrom the beginning of time man has had to deal with distractions of all shapes and sizes, but our current and future generations have a whole new and rather terrifying behemoth to deal with. In today’s world, it’s technology, namely cell phones and social media, that are front and center when you think of everyday distractions. For me however, this isn’t the case. It’s not that they aren’t a distraction, not by a long shot, but they are trumped by my own mind. I dont need any help getting distractedRead MoreThe Usage Of Cell Phones And Social Media1297 Words   |  6 PagesThe Usage of Cell Phones and Social Media in Healthcare In the past decade, we have seen smart phones and social media increasingly taking over our daily lives and becoming the â€Å"norm†. Our phones have become part of our daily use and are currently used as an alarm clock, obtaining updates on sporting events and news, weather updates, video chat and posting updates on any social media. Although phones have been providing exceptional ways for providers to keep in touch with one another it has alsoRead MoreTechnology On Romantic Relationships : The Internet, Cell Phones, And Social Media1964 Words   |  8 PagesKelsey Williams Bob Haas ENG 1103-13 15 November 2016 Technology in Romantic Relationships The internet, cell phones, and social media have become key actors in the life of many American couples. Of the 66 percent of adults who are married or in committed relationships use technology in the little and large moments. They negotiate over when to use it and when to abstain. A portion of them quarrel over its use and have had hurtful experiences caused by tech use. At the same time, some couples findRead MoreThe Advantages And Disadvantages Of Cell Phone And Social Media In Healthcare1107 Words   |  5 Pagesname it. These are all social media that most of us have or at least have one. As technology keeps getting more advanced, the riskier it is to pose a danger to others. It is everywhere, especially the popularity of social media has become a widespread in healthcare. Cellphones have become a necessity in healthcare. They are used as a way to communicate each other, access to medical information or check drug information (Attri, 2016). Dinh (2011) indicated that this soc ial media trend will eventuallyRead MoreSocial Media And Camera Ready Cell Phones During World War II Essay2161 Words   |  9 Pagesrestrictions on their day-to-day activities. In the military, soldiers adapt to a new way of thinking in order to allow themselves to become warriors. Currently, Americans must adapt to a life lived in view of everyone with the use of social media and camera-ready cell phones. Throughout the course of American history and into our present times, American citizens have depended on their ability to adapt, whether it be mentally, physically, and/or emotionally. It was imperative that citizens were adaptableRead MoreCell Phones And Its Effect On Society904 Words   |  4 Pagestechnology. Cell phones are one of the many ground breaking inventions that came out of this technological era society is in now. The technology of cell phones has come a long way since the first cell phone was made. Today they are much more than just a device to talk to someone. I n 2007 the first smartphone was released which was the iPhone and in 2008 the first android was released which allowed people to have access to the internet and apps. Smartphones have revolutionized the cell phone industryRead MoreNegative Effects Of Cell Phones1100 Words   |  5 Pagescreated the thing that runs the lives of many ---- a cell phone. For those living under a rock, cell phones are portable telephones that requires cellular network (ATT, Verizon and Tmobile) to make and receive phone calls. For the first time ever, a generation of kids are going through their adolescence with smartphones. As stated by Pew Research Center, â€Å"75% of 12-17 year-olds now own cell phones, up from 45% in 2004† (Lenhart 1). As cell phones advanced over the years, the increase of adolescenceRead MoreEffects Of Cell Phones1159 Words   |  5 PagesAre Cell Phones Destroying a Generation? The onset of cell phones has had a great impact in the modern society, and especially the millennials or the teens, and as such it has led to the destruction of a generation. It is apparent that what researchers call the iGen, people born between the year 1995 and the year 2012, depend greatly on their cell phones and their well-being majorly depends on their cell phones (Twenge 188). Researchers also prove that the iGen value their cell phones more that

Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing and Renaissance...

Shakespeares play Much Ado About Nothing takes place in Messina, a city-state of Renaissance Italy. The Renaissance was a period in European history believed to have been between AD 1300 and AD 1600 with a feudal society of agricultural economy and church dominated culture. It was during the Renaissance that Europe was transformed into a society dominated by central political institutions with education, arts and music heavily influenced by the Christian religion. In Italy, cities such as Florence, Ferrara, Milan, and Venice flourished. These cities were able to finance cultural achievements. Medieval Italian merchants developed commercial and financial techniques such as bookkeeping and bills of exchange. Italian city-states were†¦show more content†¦One of Johns men enacts a scene at Heros window with a woman who appears to be Hero. When Claudio and Pedro observe this, they are easily deceived and Claudio angrily denounces Hero to be hidden as though dead until Claudio reg ains his senses. When the constable, Dogberry, arrests Johns men, who then readily confess their guilt, Claudio is forced to admit his error in thinking Hero would deceive him. He then mourns for her and agrees to marry her cousin. The cousin turns out to be a disguised and forgiving Hero. After all this ado the two couples are married and Don John is arrested. Don Pedro is a linking character, playing many key roles in the play. In many ways, he shows the influence of the time period. Being the prince of Aragon, a region in northeast Spain, he carries the title of respect Don. He seems to be the stereotypical leader of the Renaissance times, enjoying being in charge as well as possessing the ability to woo young women. He also shows the time period in the situation with his brother Don John. Because he was born outside of marriage, Don John has no official claim on any of his familys wealth or position. He then tries to overthrow Pedro in battle. Other characters positions also illustrate the time period. For example, Dogberry and Verges who are the constable and deputy constable. Their rough habits and garbled speech show the mannerisms of the Renaissance peasants. Heros maidservants occasional vulgar comments also demonstrateShow MoreRelatedKenneth Branaghs Much Ado About Nothing Essay1588 Words   |  7 PagesThe scene opens in the beautiful hills of Tuscany, Italy. Lying about on the slopes of grass are the humble townsfolk basking in the sunshine as a soft voice introduces; â€Å"Sigh no more ladies, sigh no more.† This dreamlike setting is the opening scene of the major motion picture Much Ado About Nothing as envisioned by film director Kenneth Branagh. A far cry from its Shakespearean origins, Branagh’s Much Ado has a look and feel all of its own. This film seeks to capture its audience with visual majestyRead MoreThe Representation of Women in Much Ado About Nothing Essay1492 Words   |  6 PagesThe Representation of Women in Much Ado About Nothing The female characters who are in the play are all present and involved in Act2 Scene1, which makes it the perfect situation to describe Shakespeares portrayal of women in Much Ado About Nothing. Hero can be easily compared with Beatrice being of a similar class and very close relatives. Then you have the characters of Margaret and Ursula, the servants, who are also very comparable and show a portrayal of womenRead MoreMuch Ado About Nothing Essay1110 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish Essay The Elizabethan Worldview and Much Ado About Nothing Audrey Hernandez The Elizabethan Era is one of the most fascinating periods in the History of the World. It is named after one of the greatest of the Queens of England - Queen Elizabeth I. It was the era of the very first Theatres in England - William Shakespeare and the globe Theatre and Christopher Marlowe! It also had a very different feel and look to it than we experience nowadays and this is shown in the marriage and weddingRead More Classical Imagery in Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing Essay3559 Words   |  15 PagesClassical Imagery in Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing The romance of history has lured many of the worlds greatest authors to search for their subject matter in the pages of time. William Shakespeare serves as a unfailing embodiment of the emotion of days past; yet he also turned to those before him. The comedy Much Ado About Nothing is a poignant love story, riddled with stunning imagery and allusion. An examination of the development of certain characters, the imagery and allusion, dictionRead More Analysis of Much Ado About Nothing Essay3681 Words   |  15 PagesAnalysis of Much Ado About Nothing Much Ado About Nothing illustrates a kind of deliberately puzzling title that seems to have been popular in the late 1590s (ex quot;As You Like Itquot;). Indeed, the play is about nothing; it follows the relationships of Claudio and Hero (which is constantly hampered by plots to disrupt it), and in the end, the play culminates in the two other main characters falling in love (Beatrice and Bena*censored*), which, because it was an event that was quite predictableRead More Renaissance Family Values and Their Significance to As You Like It1920 Words   |  8 PagesRenaissance Family Values and Their Significance to As You Like It      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When I began my research for this paper, I did not have a good understanding of the term Renaissance.   Therefore, I thought that it was a good idea to clarify on this before I tried to learn about what family life was like at that time, and I also thought it might be interesting to look at Shakespeares family.    The word Renaissance means rebirth and refers to the 15th Century, between the years 1350 andRead More Shakespeares World Essay3144 Words   |  13 Pages Shakespeares World nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Almost every nation on earth reads, studies and performs the works of William Shakespeare. No writer of any country, nor any age, has ever enjoyed such universal popularity. Neither has any writer been so praised. As William Hazlitt observed, quot;The most striking peculiarity of Shakespeares mind was its generic quality, its power of communication with all other minds.quot; It is perhaps this quality that has earned Shakespeare the supremeRead MoreBiography of William Shakespeare1709 Words   |  7 PagesClaims state that Crollalanza and his family fled Italy during the Holy Inquisition and landed in London and that Michelangelo changed his name to the English equivalent since Crollanlanza is when translated to English is Shakespeare. (Shakespeare Online, 2011) Included in the evidence presented by Iuvara is a play that was written by Crollalanza entitled Tanto traffic per Niente translated into Much Traffic for Nothing or Much Ado About Nothing. (Shakespeare Online, 2011) It is stated thatRead MoreEssay on Kate in William Shakespeares The Taming of the Shrew1760 Words   |  8 PagesKate in William Shakespeares The Taming of the Shrew Katharina or Kate, the shrew of William Shakespeares The Taming Of The Shrew is sharp-tongued, quick-tempered, and prone to violence and violent outbursts, especially to anyone who tries to win her love. This is shown from the beginning in Act One with the scene among Hortensio and Gremio and her. When Gremio proclaims her too rough Read MoreEssay about Renaissance Figures2969 Words   |  12 PagesRenaissance Figures Cosimo de Medici, also known as Cosimo the Elder, lived from 1389--1464. He was the first Medici to rule Florence. He was exiled from Florence in 1433, but he returned in 1434 and doubled his wealth through banking. He ended Florences traditional alliance with Venice and supported the Sforza family in Milan. His historical significance was being a patron to such artists as Brunelleschi, Donatello, and Ghiberti, and as the founder of the Medici Library. ?

The Avengers Story Map Free Essays

Story Map Title: The Avengers Author: Joss Whedon Setting: New York City Characters/Actors: – Robert Downey, Jr. as Tony Stark/Iron Man * Chris Evans as Steve Rogers/Captain America * Mark Ruffalo as Bruce Banner/Hulk * Chris Hemsworth as Thor * Scarlett Johansson as Natasha Romanoff/Black Widow * Jeremy Renner as Clint Barton/Hawkeye * Tom Hiddleston as Loki * Clark Gregg as Phil Coulson * Cobie Smulders as Maria Hill * Stellan Skarsgard as Dr. Erik Selvig * Samuel L. We will write a custom essay sample on The Avengers Story Map or any similar topic only for you Order Now Jackson as Nick Fury Problem: An Asgardian, Loki meets the leader of an alien race known as the Chitauri. In exchange for retrieving the Tesseract, a powerful energy source of unknown potential, the other promises Loki a Chitauri army with which he can subjugate the Earth. Nick Fury, director of the espionage agency  S. H. I. E. L. D. , and his lieutenant Agent Maria Hill  arrive at a remote research facility during an evacuation, where physicist Dr. Erik Selvig is leading a research team experimenting on the Tesseract. Agent Phil Coulson explains that the object has begun radiating an unusual form of energy. The Tesseract suddenly activates and opens a portal, allowing Loki to reach Earth. Loki takes the Tesseract and uses his scepter to enslave Selvig and several agents, including Clint Barton, to aid him in his getaway. Event #1: The  Asgardian Loki  encounters the Other, the leader of an alien race known as the Chitauri. In exchange for retrieving the Tesseract,  a powerful energy source of unknown potential, the Other promises Loki a Chitauri army with which he can subjugate the Earth. Nick Fury, director of the espionage agency S. H. I. E. L. D, and his lieutenant Agent Maria Hill  arrive at a remote research facility during an evacuation, where physicist Dr. Erik Selvig is leading a research team experimenting on the Tesseract. Agent  Phil Coulson explains that the object has begun radiating an unusual form of energy. The Tesseract suddenly activates and opens a portal, allowing Loki to reach Earth. Loki takes the Tesseract and uses his scepter to enslave Selvig and several agents, including Clint Barton to aid him in his getaway. Event #2: In response to the attack, Fury reactivates the â€Å"Avengers Initiative†. Agent Natasha Romanoff is sent to Calcutta, India  to recruit  Dr. Bruce Banner; Coulson visits  Tony Stark  to have him review Selvig’s research; Fury approaches Steve Rogers  with an assignment to retrieve the Tesseract. While Barton steals  iridium  needed to stabilize the Tesseract’s power, Loki causes a distraction in  Stuttgart, Germany leading to a confrontation with Rogers, Stark, and Romanoff that ends with Loki’s surrender. While Loki is being escorted to S. H. I. E. L. D. ,  Thor, his adoptive brother, arrives and frees him hoping to convince him to abandon his plan and return to Asgard. After a confrontation with Stark and Rogers, Thor agrees to take Loki to S. H. I. E. L. D. ‘s flying aircraft carrier, the  Helicarier. There Loki is imprisoned while scientists Banner and Stark attempt to locate the Tesseract. Event #3: The Avengers become divided, both over how to approach Loki and the revelation that S. H. I. E. L. D. plans to harness the Tesseract to develop weapons as a deterrent  against hostile extra-terrestrials. As the group argues, Barton and Loki’s other possessed agents attack the Helicarrier, disabling its engines in flight and causing Banner to transform into the Hulk. Stark and Rogers try to restart the damaged engines, and Thor attempts to stop the Hulk’s rampage. Romanoff fights Barton, and knocks him unconscious, breaking Loki’s mind control. Loki escapes after killing Coulson and ejecting Thor from the airship, while the Hulk falls to the ground after attacking a S. H. I. E. L. D. fighter jet. Fury uses Coulson’s death to motivate the Avengers into working as a team. Stark and Rogers realize that simply defeating them will not be enough for Loki; he needs to overpower them publicly to validate himself as ruler of Earth. Loki uses the Tesseract, in conjunction with a device Selvig built, to open a portal above  Stark Tower  to the Chitauri fleet in space, launching his invasion. Event #4: The Avengers rally in defense of  New York City, but quickly realize they will be overwhelmed as wave after wave of Chitauri descend upon Earth. Rogers, Stark, and Thor evacuate civilians with assistance from Barton, while Banner transforms back into the Hulk and goes after Loki, eventually beating him into submission. Romanoff makes her way to the portal, where Selvig, freed of Loki’s control, reveals that Loki’s scepter can be used to close the portal. Meanwhile, Fury’s superiors attempt to end the invasion by launching a nuclear missile at Manhattan. Stark intercepts the missile and takes it through the portal toward the Chitauri fleet. The missile detonates, destroying the invaders’ lead ship which disables their forces on Earth. Stark’s suit runs out of power and he falls back through the portal, but the Hulk saves him from crashing to the ground. Romanoff deactivates the portal to prevent further invasion. In the aftermath, Thor returns Loki and the Tesseract to Asgard. Fury notes that the Avengers will return when they are needed. How to cite The Avengers Story Map, Essay examples

Working capital and Management concentrate - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: 1. Discuss the different long-term sources of finance available to companies and theories that discuss their risk/return characteristics and optimum capital structure. With reference to the accounts then discuss the long term capital structure of the chosen company and what this may indicate about the companys attitude to risk. You may need to refer to the specific note in the notes to the accounts to get detailed information on this. Part of your answer to this question should include calculation of a suitable gearing ratio. 2. Discuss relevant working capital management theories. Then calculate suitable working capital ratios and discuss how efficiently the company is managing its short-term sources of finance. 3. Discuss the range of dividend policies available to companies, why certain companies may choose certain policies and what sort of dividend policy the directors of the company seem to be following and possible reasons for this. 4. Assess the profitability and risk of the company and how attractive it appears to be to potential investors, in doing so make use of market structure analysis internal to the industry. Your answer should include some evaluation of the type of external economic environment of the company and the business models used. Suggest how Minsky analysis can be applied to the company and market you have chosen. Answer: Introduction Apple Inc. Is a software and communication companies, which operates in various parts of the globe. The company was in a struggling position during the 90s era but it bounced back under the guidance of Steve Jobs (Hillier et al. 2013). In 1995, the company reported its first profits and paid its first dividends. The given report discusses the various financing aspects of the company and aims to address the various assessment questions. Discussion Answer 1 A business cannot run without finance. Many companies prefer to have long-term sources of finance as long term sources of finance need not be paid off immediately and can be utilized for the development of the business. There are various sources of long-term finance and they have been discussed below. Equity Shares A public limited company may raise appropriate funds from the promoters of the business or from the public. This can be done by issuing ordinary equity shares. The shareholders achieve ownership rights and tend to get dividends made on the profit of the company (Flannery and Hankins 2013).They tend to undertake the risk of the company. From the point of view of a company, this can be described as a good source of finance for the company. However, the shareholders tend to get involved in the decision making of the firm. However, this kind of financing can be considered a safe option, as the dividends need to be paid if the firm does not earn profit. The capital structure of the firm is divided into various classes of shares (Fracassi 2016).However, they are not tax deductable and this increases the tax expenses of the company. Preference Shares This is similar to the shares but they carry preferential rights. These rights means that dividends needs to be paid to the shareholders first and then to others. In case of winding up of the company, these preference shareholders are given their capital first. These are similar to debts but are not tax deductible. As there are no fixed charges involved the leveraging costs are, lower (Ehrhardt and Brigham 2016). One advantage of this type of share is that the shareholders do not have any voting rights therefore; the management interference is minimum in this case. Debentures Very often, the companies aim to acclaim finance for long-term purposes through debentures. Debentures also divide the capital of the firm into different debentures. The investors of the company can purchase those debentures and these debentures pay out interests. The interests can be paid out irrespective of the profitability of the firm (Vernimmen et al. 2014). The debenture holders may not have voting rights but they would surely receive their debt amount. The interest on debentures is tax deductable and this tends to save costs for the company. Retained Earnings These are the savings of the company, which tend to be used by the company for the welfare of the organization. Safest form of financing Long term Loans These are taken from various financial institutions, which then charge interest to the borrowers. The interest charged is tax deductable. This form also does not affect the decision making of the firm. The Apple Company follows both a debt as well as equity capital structure. The company has Long-term debts of $194714000 as per September 2017 and total equity of 134,047,000 The suitable gearing ratio for the company would be Debt to Equity Ratio, which measures the solvency of the firm and is calculated as total debt divide by total equity. The ratio has deteriorated from 2015 to 2017 (Moffett, Stonehill and Eiteman 2017). The Debt Equity Ratio is = 194714000/134047000 =1.5 This indicates higher rate of debt financing. Answer 2 Working Capital Management Working capital Management concentrates on the various issues that arise in managing the day-to-day transactions in the business. The main objective of the working capital management is to manage the current assets as well as the current liabilities of the firm in a way that the satisfactory level of the working capital is maintained. Theories of Working Capital Management Hedging Approach- In this approach the maturity of the various sources of the fund should match with the nature of the assets that need to be financed (Keen 2013). The hedging approach tends to suggest that there exists seasonal variations and that along with permanent financing, short-term finances should be obtained. Conservative Approach- In the conservative Approach, it is stated that the total funds requirement should be met by long-term sources whereas the short-term funds should only be used in cases of emergency. Aggressive approach- The aggressive approach states that a part of the permanent working capital of the firm can financed by short-term sources. This approach tends to minimize the excess liquidity while meeting the short-term requirements. Hence, the company needs to follow a suitable method of working capital and meet their own requirements accordingly. The primary working capital ratio is the current ratio, which can be calculated by dividing the current assets by current liabilities. Current Assets= 128645000$ Current Liabilities= 100814000$ Ratio = 1.2 The current ratio of Apple above average. The company is in a good financial position and it is being able to meet its current liabilities. The working capital of the firm is 128645000$-100814000$ =2783100$ It can be stated that the company has been managing its finances extremely well and that even after it pays all its liabilities it will easily be able to save a huge amount of money for its working capital. Answer 3 There are different kinds of dividend policies that are as follows: Stable dividend policy wherein the firms pay fixed sum of dividend and maintain this for all the times regardless of the different fluctuations in the market. This is advised that the companies must follow stable dividend policy wherein the stakeholders are assured to be given fixed rate of dividend per share. When the different earnings of the firm are rising at a regular interval there is satisfaction in the management and the earnings that are increased are sustainable in nature (Firth et al. 2016). Per amount of dividend is increased as well in correspondence with the fall in the price of the shares as well. Stable dividend policy fosters a proper rise in the value of the shares and the different investors pay higher premium to the different shares that promises certainty of the dividend income. However, in designing stable dividend policy, the future earning power of the firm has to be determined and the rate of dividend has to be fixed as well. Policy of no immediate dividend- This kind of policy requires huge amount of funds in order to finance the different programmes on expansion. When the access of the firms is difficult in the capital market and the availability of such funds is costlier in nature as well. Issue of bonus shares follows policy of no immediate dividend, as this will increase the capital of firm (Gopalan, Nanda and Seru 2014). Policy of regular extra dividends- The extra dividends are allowed only once in a year and the requirement of annual dividend will be exceeded by some given sum of amount. These kind of policies provide proper impression to different stakeholders the extra dividends are paid as the firms has outstanding earnings that will be skipped when the business will drop to normal level (Kajola, Adewumi and Oworu 2015). Policy of regular stock dividends- Wherein the firms who are following this policy pay the dividends in stock instead of cash and these are known as the bonus shares. These bonus shares are used to capitalize the reinvested earnings of different firms. Policy to pay irregular dividends The firm who follows such policy does not pay fixed amount of dividends and the share of the dividend varies in correspondence with the change in level of earnings. Firms with the unstable earnings adopt this policy and a large part of the entire profit may be ploughed back in the year as well (Floyd, Li and Skinner 2015). Dividend Policy followed by Apple Inc Apple follows the Stable Dividend Policy post 1995, as the company is paying stable and fixed amount of dividend regardless of any kind of fluctuations in the market. It has been seen that Apple Inc follows the stable dividend policy and the different stockholders of Apple Inc are assured of receiving fixed dividends per share as well (Apple 2018). The entire management of Apple Inc has tried their level best in maintaining the rate of dividend. Apple Inc follows the stable dividend policy as this policy helps in fostering a rise in the value of the shares. Answer 4 The economic factors, which are present in the external environment of Apple, tend to create opportunities for the firm in various fields. The external environment of the company consists of various inflation rates, exchange rates, fiscal policies and other factors that tend to influence the working of the firm. Most of the external environment factors tend to create opportunities for the firm (Apple 2018). The following are considered the most significant external environmental factors Rapid growth of developing countries (opportunity) Stable economies of developed countries (opportunity) The developing economies are growing tremendously. The income of the various groups present have been increasing and this tend The economic stability of most developed countries creates opportunities for companies like Apple to expand their businesses. However, the rapid growth of developing countries serve as an opportunity to the company who can then grow their market and adhere to the needs of the various users. This rapid growth of the company can be described as a calculated risk as it tends to have an impact on the share prices and in the same way be risky and lower them (Boyer 2013). Once the company is able to expand to the various countries then the profitability of the company will also increases. This increased profitability has a cyclic effect, which will then help the company to increase their share prices. The second opportunity lies in increasing the operations of the company in the developed companies. There are various opportunities available to the Apple In. in the developed country as well. It can customize its products and the software, which it offers, and thereby gain popularity. Apple Inc. has been reporting profits since a long time. Some of its activities can be described as risk taking but the decision makers of the firm tend to take calculated risks that then get returns for their risks, which have been taken by the company. Business Model Business model of Apple Inc. The business model of the Apple Inc. Is extremely simple. It is into app development, large publishing as well as content ownership. The company has costs like Research and Development costs, selling costs as well as Cost of Sales. The main market where the company makes maximum sales is in the phone market. Every year the company has been coming up with some new products that help it to increase the popularity all with the sales of the company (Richard, Stewart and Alan 2016). Application of Minsky analysis Minsky has defined that the three financial positions are present in any situation that tend to increase the fragility. These are: Hedge Finance: which refers to the income flows which are expected to meet the obligations related to finance every period Speculative finance- Income flows can only cover the interest costs hence the debt can be rolled over Financial Positions of a Firm Ponzi finance states that the earning of the company will not be able to cover any costs and is extremely low. The various companies often shift to these three phases of financing capabilities (Arnold 2013). The shift towards the Ponzi finance is unintentional. According to the analysis, which can be conducted after analyzing the financial reports of the firm, the company is currently in the Hedge Financing position where the earnings of the company will be able to cover all its costs. This is a good condition to be in and this shows that the stability of the firm is good and this increases the goodwill of the firm in the eyes of the investors. References Apple. ,2018.iPhone. [online] Available at: https://www.apple.com/iphone/ [Accessed 4 Jan. 2018]. Apple. ,2018.Investor Relations - Financial Information - Apple. [online] Available at: https://investor.apple.com/financials.cfm [Accessed 6 Jan. 2018]. Arnold, G., 2013.Corporate financial management. Pearson Higher Ed. Boyer, R., 2013. The global financial crisis in historical perspective: An economic analysis combining Minsky, Hayek, Fisher, Keynes and the regulation approach.Accounting, Economics and Law,3(3), pp.93-139. Ehrhardt, M.C. and Brigham, E.F., 2016.Corporate finance: A focused approach. Cengage learning. Firth, M., Gao, J., Shen, J. and Zhang, Y., 2016. Institutional stock ownership and firms cash dividend policies: Evidence from China.Journal of Banking Finance,65, pp.91-107. Flannery, M.J. and Hankins, K.W., 2013. Estimating dynamic panel models in corporate finance.Journal of Corporate Finance,19, pp.1-19. Floyd, E., Li, N. and Skinner, D.J., 2015. Payout policy through the financial crisis: The growth of repurchases and the resilience of dividends.Journal of Financial Economics,118(2), pp.299-316 Fracassi, C., 2016. Corporate finance policies and social networks.Management Science. Gheorghe, S. and Pipu-Nicolae, B., 2014. Financial Diagnosis Of Stocks.Annals-Economy Series,6, pp.60-68. Gopalan, R., Nanda, V. and Seru, A., 2014. Internal capital market and dividend policies: Evidence from business groups.The Review of Financial Studies,27(4), pp.1102-1142. Hillier, D., Ross, S., Westerfield, R., Jaffe, J. and Jordan, B., 2013.Corporate finance. McGraw Hill. Kajola, S.O., Adewumi, A.A. and Oworu, O.O., 2015. Dividend pay-out policy and firm financial performance: evidence from Nigerian listed non-financial firms.International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, pp.1-12. Keen, S., 2013. A monetary Minsky model of the Great Moderation and the Great Recession.Journal of Economic Behavior Organization,86, pp.221-235. Moffett, M.H., Stonehill, A.I. and Eiteman, D.K., 2017.Fundamentals of multinational finance. Pearson. Richard, A.B., Stewart, C.M. and Alan, J.M., 2016. Fundamentals of corporate finance. Vernimmen, P., Quiry, P., Dallocchio, M., Le Fur, Y. and Salvi, A., 2014.Corporate finance: theory and practice. John Wiley Sons.

The Violence Against Women Act Creates A Right To Be

The Violence Against Women Act creates a right to be "free from crimes of violence" that are gender motivated. It also gives a private civil right of action to the victims of these crimes. The Senate report attached to the act states that "Gender based crimes and fear of gender based crimes...reduces employment opportunities and consumer spending affecting interstate commerce." Sara Benenson has been abused by her husband, Andrew Benenson, since 1978. Because of this abuse, she sued her husband under various tort claims and violations under the Violence Against Women Act. Now Mr. Benenson is protesting the constitutionality of this act claiming that Congress has no right to pass a law that legislates for the common welfare. However, Congress has a clear Constitutional right to regulate interstate commerce. This act is based solely on interstate commerce and is thereforeConstitutional. Because of abuse, Sara Benenson was afraid to get a job because it would anger her husband. She was afraid to go back to school and she was afraid to go shopping or spend any money on her own. All three of these things clearly interfere and affect interstate commerce. Women like Mrs. Benenson are the reason the act was passed. There has been a long history of judgements in favor of Congress's power to legislate using the commerce clause as a justification. For the past fifty years, Congress's right to interpret the commerce clause has been unchallenged by the Court with few exceptions. There is no rational reason for this court to go against the powerful precedents set by the Supreme court to allow Congress to use the Commerce clause. In the case of Katzenbach v. McClung, the Court upheld an act of Congress which was based on the commerce clause, that prohibited segregation. McClung, the owner of a barbeque that would not allow blacks to eat inside the restaurant, claimed that his business was completely intrastate. He stated that his business had little or no out of state business and was therefore not subject to the act passed by Congress because it could not legislate intrastate commerce. The Court however, decided that because the restaurant received some of it's food from out of state that it was involved in interstate commerce. The same logic should be applied in this case. Even though Sara Benenson's inability to work might not seem to affect interstate commerce, it will in some way as with McClung, thus making the act constitutional. The Supreme Court had decided that any connection with interstate commerce,as long as it has a rational basis, makes it possible for Congress to legislate it. In the United States v. Lopez decision, The Supreme Court struck down the Gun Free School Zones Act. It's reasoning was that Congress had overstepped it's power to legislate interstate commerce. The Court decided that this act was not sufficiently grounded in interstate commerce for Congress to be allowed to pass it. The circumstances in this case are entirely different than in the case of Sara Benenson. For one thing, the Gun Free School Zones Act was not nearly as well based in the commerce clause as is our case. The Gun act said that violence in schools kept student from learning and therefore limited their future earning power. It also said that violence affected national insurance companies. These connections are tenuous at best and generally too long term to be considered. However, in the case of Mrs. Benenson, her inability to work and spend directly and immediately affected interstate commerce. Therefore, the Lopez decision should not have any part in the decision of this case. The Supreme Court, in McCulloch v. Maryland, gave Congress the right to make laws that are out of their strict Constitutional powers so as to be able to fulfill one of their Constitutional duties. In this case, the Court allowed the federal government to create a bank. There is no Constitutional right to do this and Maryland challenged the creation of this bank. The high court ruled that in order for Congress to be able to accomplish it's duties. The same logic should be applied here. The Violence Against Women Act is an example of Congress overstepping it's direct Constitutional rights so it can better regulate and facilitate interstate commerce. In order for Congress to legislate interstate commerce fairly, it must allow people to be able to work and spend as they should be able to. If a woman is afraid of being abused if she gets a job or spends money, it affects interstate commerce. Thus The Violence Against Women Act is Constitutionally based and necessary for interstate commerce. Violence against women is

AFP

AFP A Long Tradition of Newsgathering : Created in 1835, Agence France-Presse is one of the three global news agencies.It is the world's oldest established news agency, founded by Charles-Louis Havas, the father of global journalism. Today, the agency continues to expand its operations worldwide, reaching thousands of subscribers (radios, TVs, newspapers, companies) from its main headquarters in Paris and regional centers in Washington, Hong Kong, Nicosia and Montevideo. All share the same goal: to guarantee a top quality international service tailored for the specific needs of clients in each region. The AFP News services cover politics, economics, international news, social and sports news from around the world. The network provides around the clock coverage. Newspapers, magazines, news agencies, TV and radio stations worldwide rely on AFP for its accurate, speedy quality reporting of world news. AFP subscribers also include many businesses, banks and government bodies. It has also, fo r many years, maintained close links with the national news agencies of all countries.AFP stand at Barcelona GSMA 2008Four regional headquarters, each responsible for the bureaus in their region, co-ordinate the work of journalists and photographers under their direction and transmit news and photographs to clients in their zone. Hundreds of news items per day; reporting 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. General News comes from the world over. A significant proportion of news is from Europe where correspondents cover all European territories. AFP's presence throughout the Middle East and Africa provides thorough news coverage of these regions. Sports News covers all major national and international events.A worldwide multilingual and multimedia news agency: The agency also offers multimedia products online: text, pictures, graphics, dynamic graphics and video. AFP provides content formatted ready-for-use. The AFP brand guarantees clients editorial quality and reliability - a reputation built since the agency...

Total Quality Management Survey Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Total Quality Management Survey Paper - Essay Example 3. Effective involvement and utilization of entire staff. 4. Constant and continuous improvement in the business performance. 5. Working through synergy with suppliers. 6. Establishing the performance measures for various areas. In this discussion, we would be analyzing three companies from manufacturing, service and not for profit organizations and would be further analyzing customer driven quality, leadership, employee management and training and measurement, monitoring with analysis for each and every organization. The Organization that I am going to discuss is the Caterpillar, the company was found in 1925 as a result of a merger with Holt Manufacturing Co. and it strived and settled it self because of the lack of competition, they were the pioneers in manufacturing the construction equipments of that time which were also used in the world war I and II effectively. The company is manufacturing seven types of products, but has a list of four hundred products as the seven are the main product types, originally it was formed as a heavy equipment industry and providing services such as construction and agricultural products, including tractors, engineering vehicles, bulldozers, loaders, but it has also diversified now keeping in view its customer's needs and wants, and so it also started making the rough and tough shoes. The company was having the revenue of about US $ 36.339 Billion in the year 2005 and it is currently employing about 77,000 people approximately, the organizational culture that the company is showing is strong enough in terms of services they are providing right now, it was all due to the fierce competition with Komatsu that the company decided to change its culture in 1990s as a result they are having very strong hold in the market, the culture was weak before 1990s as there were so many of the labor strikes and a lot of shutdown processing, but sooner the company identified its weakness and worked on it, one of the biggest reasons of its success is that now the entire union of employees work together and corporate at their level best with the customer as a result the company has achieved excellence, which was otherwise not possible if there wouldn't be any team work or if there was no maximum utilization of the work force they have. The Customers of Caterpillar are usually construction firms and also few contractors having construction business, as no body can buy the Caterpillar products for the personal use, thus all the efforts are directed on the industrial business zone rather than private customers. The customers are viewing Caterpillar a high quality product as the company has produced even the custom made equipments for them, without accepting nonconformance. The features, performance, conformance, reliability, durability, service, response and reputations are the quality dimensions, which have been attracting the customers from a long time. The leadership has played a major part in the survival of Caterpillar Co. No body can expect a company to resist the pressure when the labor turns against it, here the leadership played a vital role for Caterpillar, now the organization has recruited people who are already excelled in their fields and have no complaints against the organization, the employees are bei ng treated as family members and all of these

On Roses Liberty, Property, Environmentalism Essay

On Roses Liberty, Property, Environmentalism - Essay Example In property regimes, parties involved may not come up with conformity is a possibility. In the first place, it is a tough activity to manage the environment. It is hard to manage it because it is vast and unlike a single property or so, it is tough to control or maintain it due to its area of coverage (Rose 1). On the other hand, the environment is largely considered under the property domain of the public. This means that everybody could significantly own any possible integral component of an environment. In the case of Scarborough shoal, the heated debate between the Philippines and China continues to create significant tension as these two countries could not actually come up with an agreement as to which the territorial responsibility on this rich-oil area should fall. Due to significant benefits that this land could provide, it would ignite significant intentions which make it hard for the two countries to actually come up with an agreement. A rich-filled oil area is considered to be an asset of a country as processed oil has become lifeblood of the modern economy. Thus, economically and politically speaking, it would be a great opportunity for either China or Philippines to take hold of the said parcel of land or territory. Another pitfall of property regimes is their being ineffective. For instance, if prevailing law concerning area of territorial responsibility between nations is effective, then China and the Philippines would not have become too narrow-minded on the issue about Scarborough shoal.

Outline Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Outline - Thesis Example 1. Saline wastewater: Agro-food, petroleum and leather industries. The discharge of such wastewater continually increases in salinity and organic content. Without prior treatment, there is adversely effects on the aquatic life, water portability and agriculture (Wadvalla, 2011). 2. Menopause and ovarian cancer: the rodent ovary contains an enzyme system capable of metabolising polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. It occurs with reactivation of electrophilic intermediates known to cause cytotoxicity, mutation and cancer (Rodrik, 2009). 3. Wildlife extinction: industrial air pollution have been known to cause sickness and death of the later for over 100 years. Primary effects include direct mortality, debilitating industrial related disease, anaemia conditions, physiological stress and bioaccumulation. Some air pollutions have caused a change in the distribution of certain wildlife species (Pascual Khalil, 2014). The questionnaires were assessed by using the SPSS and that most of the people living near industrial places were affected more than those living far away from industrial places among the people in the Middle East. Most of the industrial pollution levels affects people living on the planet and r all linked to the emergence of industries. The more reason for agencies and governments t take action is because environmental degradation is at a very high rate. In addition, most countries are at the industrial stage hence developing more industries currently without view of the pollution effect. The governments and bodies in charge of the environment should act and act

Treating Alcoholism

Treating Alcoholism Introduction Alcoholism is defined as a disease that is persistent, progressive and often fatal. It is not a symptom of other diseases or emotional problems; it is its own disorder. Alcohol affects every part of the body even the brain which will eventually adapt to the alcohol use by becoming dependent on it after prolonged use. Genetics and environment are factors that are influenced by this disease. Drinking can reduce life expectancy by 10-12 years and next to smoking is the second most common preventable cause of death in America. The earlier a person starts drinking, the greater their chance is of developing serious illness later on. Once dependant on alcohol, its very difficult to quit. The cause of alcoholism is unknown. Just drinking gradually and consistently over time can produce alcohol dependence and cause withdrawal symptoms during periods of abstinence, but this is not the only cause of alcoholism. To develop alcohol dependence several other factors typically come into play, like genetics, culture and psychology. The signs of alcoholism or a dependence on alcohol vary from person to person and depend on how much the person drinks or how the person drinks. The definition of alcohol use and abuse ranges from moderate drinking, which is defined as equal to or less then two drinks a day for men and equal to or less then one drink a day for women. Hazardous or heavy drinking would be defined as more then 14 drinks per week or 4-5 drinks at one sitting for men or more then 7 drinks a week or 3 drinks in one setting for women or frequent intoxication in either gender. Harmful drinking is when alcohol consumption has actually caused physical or psychological harm or alcohol consumption has persisted for at least a month or has occurred consistently for a year. Alcohol abuse is used when the person either cant fulfill work or personal obligations and/or has recurrent problems with the law. Alcohol dependence is used for people that three or more alcohol related problems in a period of one year that in cludes increased amount of alcohol needed to produce an effect earlier obtained with less alcohol, experiences withdrawal symptoms or drinks to avoid withdrawal symptoms, drinks more then intended, unsuccessfully attempting to cut down or quit, gives up hobbies or leisure activities to drink. Summary Emotional and behavior problems such as depression and anxiety put people at a high risk for alcoholism and often are the reason the elderly turn to alcohol. Problem drinking in this case can be a way to self medicate. People may also use alcohol to become less inhibited in public situations that for some may be a source of great anxiety. Those that have impulsive personalities are also at a great risk for developing dependence to alcohol, due to the fact that they have low impulse control. Alcoholism affects every part of the body causing illness, cancer and with long term consumption can even cause death. Frequent, heavy drinking is associated with a higher risk of death to injury, violence and medical disorders, like pancreatitis, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, nerve damage and even impotence. As people age it takes few drinks to become intoxicated and organs are damaged by smaller amounts of alcohol then younger people. Those that require surgery also have an increased risk of postoperative complications, including infections, bleeding and decreased heart and lung functions, along with wound healing problems. If withdrawal symptoms are present can inflict further stress on the body and delay healing. Neurological or mental disorders can be caused from binge drinking which can cause memory impairment and problems thinking and concentrating. Nerve damage from severe vitamin deficiencies can impair mental function and memory and cause emotion disorders and even psychosis, like Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome, that causes loss of balance, confusion and memory loss and can lead to permanent brain damage and even death. Diagnosing alcoholism can be hard, since nearly always people deny the problem. But for most, denial may be the first warning sign that their drinking is out of hand. There are tests to screen for alcoholism, most are short and allow the person to take them on his or her own time. Because people deny their problem or attempt to hide it, the questions relate to problems associated with drinking, rather then the amount of liquor consumed. The quickest test is the CAGE test and is an acronym for: 1. Attempts to CUT (C) down on drinking. 2. ANNOYANCE (A) with criticisms about drinking. 3. GUILT (G) about drinking. 4. Use of alcohol as an EYE-OPENER (E) in the morning. This test is called a Self Administered Alcoholism Screening Test (SAAST) and appears to be the most useful in detecting alcoholism in white middle aged males. Alcoholism, hard to detect in elderly women is sometimes diagnosed as depression and prescribed anti-anxiety drugs that can have dangerous effects when mixed with al cohol conclusion Treatments for alcoholism vary, but the overall goal in treatment is total abstinence, since those that abstain have better success rates then those that dont. Treatment should also, include replacing addictive patterns with satisfying, time filling, behaviors which are able to fill the void in daily activities when drinking has stopped. Because alcoholism is so difficult to treat, most doctors will choose to treat alcoholism as a chronic disease that include relapses and remission periods. Inpatient and outpatient treatments are available to those that would benefit most from these types of treatments. Those with co-existing medical or mental disorders or those that might harm themselves have greater success with inpatient treatments at a psychiatric hospital or alcohol center. Outpatient treatments work best with people that have a good support system and are able to take medications for mild to moderate withdrawal symptoms. Psychotherapy treatments focus on Psychotherapeutic approaches and include cognitive-behavior therapy is used for severe alcoholism and gives people the opportunity to learn to cope and control their behavior, by changing the way they think about drinking and Interactional group psychotherapy that includes group based therapy like Alcoholics Anonymous or AA, 12-step program. Alcoholism is a very real and serious disease that requires medical treatment and those suffering will require lifelong care and support.

gatjay Failure of Jay Gatsby in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald :: Great Gatsby Essays

Failure of Jay Gatsby of The Great Gatsby A society naturally breaks up into various social groups over time. Members of lower statuses constantly suppose that their problems will be resolved if they gain enough wealth to reach the upper class. Many interpret the American Dream as being this passage to high social status and, once reaching that point, not having to concern about money at all. Though, the American Dream involves more than the social and economic standings of an individual. The dream involves attaining a balance between the spiritual strength and the physical strength of an individual. Jay Gatsby, of F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby, fails to reach his ultimate dream of love for Daisy in that he chooses to pursue it by engaging in a lifestyle of high class. Gatsby realizes that life of the high class demands wealth to become priority; wealth becomes his superficial goal overshadowing his quest for love. He establishes his necessity to acquire wealth, which allows him to be with Daisy. The social elite of Gatsby's time sacrifice morality in order to attain wealth. Tom Buchanan, a man from an "enormously wealthy" family, seems to Nick to have lost all sense of being kind (Fitzgerald 10). Nick describes Tom's physical attributes as a metaphor for his true character when remarking that Tom had a "hard mouth and a supercilious manner...arrogant eyes had established dominance over his face...always leaning aggressively forward...a cruel body...[h]is speaking voice...added to the impression of fractiousness he conveyed" (Fitzgerald 11). The wealth Tom has inherited causes him to become arrogant and condescending to others, while losing his morals. Rather than becoming immoral from wealth as Tom has, Gatsby engages in criminal activ ity as his only path to being rich. His need for money had become so great that he "was in the drug business" (Fitzgerald 95). Furthermore, he lies to Nick about his past in order to cover up his criminal activity. Gatsby claims to others that he has inherited his wealth, but Nick discovers "[h]is parents were shiftless and unsuccessful farm people" (Fitzgerald 104). Gatsby enters a world where money takes precedence over moral integrity. Materialism has already overshadowed a portion of his spiritual side. A quest for true love is doomed for failure in the presence of immorality. Once wealth has taken priority over integrity, members of the high social class focus on immediate indulgences, rather than on long-term pleasures of life such as love.

Martha E Rogers

A casual occurrence, she shared her birthday with Florence Nightingale born 94 years before and had passed away four years before. They will share more than a birthrate as we will see later namely the role of the nursing as distinct from medicine. One is helping nature while nursing puts the patient in the best environment for nature to act 3 Martha was born in a family which valued education and from an early age she was an avid reader challenging herself to read up to five books a week.She was an avid learner as well with no hesitation for the harder classes such as math and algebra. She ran in the first gender issue then as she was the only woman in that class. She wanted to put her learning skills and knowledge towards contribution to social welfare hesitating between law and medicine and eventually opting for the later. She started in pre- med at the University of Tennessee (1931) but withdrew in 1933 under the pressure this was not a career deemed suitable for a woman. This was even told her by her parents.She eventually received a diploma from the Knoxville General Hospital School of Nursing in 1936. Despite her being valedictorian of her class, her parents were not happy she did not have a degree and enrolled the George Peabody College in Nashville where she earned a Bachelor of Science in Public Health Nursing in 1937. After graduation, she worked for the Children's Fund of Michigan as public health nurse. Her work involved home visits, case finding giving vaccinations, planning and giving health teaching programs.She then decided to further her education by entering into a Master program at Columbians Teacher's College in New York in 1939. She would graduate in 1945 having worked at the Visiting Nurse Association in Hartford CT culminating her involvement there as acting Director of Education. Upon graduation in 1945, she took the position of executive director of the Phoenix Visiting Nurse Association in Arizona. An intellectual she called for an â⠂¬Å"educational revolution in nursing'6 that differentiated university education from vocational training grounded in theoretical knowledge.This intellectual curiosity led her to another Master in Public Health in 1952 from the John Hopkins University, the premier health program in the US. She went on to earn a Doctor of Science degree (Sad) in 1954, with a circus similar to a PhD, thus becoming one of the very few nurses holding a doctoral program. Her view on what the requirements for nurses should be which had led her to her pursuit of academic achievements was rewarded with the position of professor of Nursing and head of the Division of Nursing a New York University in 1954.In her mind, nursing was not a vocational school but required the expansion of curriculum with theory based leaning and a bachelor of science program. It is during this period that she developed a new theory – the science of unitary human beings, writing three books Educational Revolution in Nursing ( 1961), Reveille in Nursing (1964) and An Introduction to the Theoretical Basis of Nursing (1970). This last book marked the beginning of a new era in nursing.She identified the central focus of nursing concerns by understanding the importance of studying human beings and their environments as an irreducible unitary whole and that human beings are more than and different from the sum of their parts. I do not claim to understand everything it means and I have followed the presentation by a am of students from Northern Arizona University in nursing who presented this as a final project to their class. She proposed an abstract system which is comprised of four key concepts: Energy fields: the fundamental unit of life.Openness: there are no boundaries to prevent the flow of energy between human and environmental energy fields providing for the continuous movement of matter and energy. Pattern: distinguishing characteristics of the field that reflects the dynamic change of nature and man' s innovative wholeness. Pan-dimensionality: non linear domain without spatial or time-based characteristics, the coming together of n infinite number of dimensions. These four concepts are the building blocks that construct the three scientific principles of homeostasis which proposes a way to view the unitary human being.Integrally: The human energy fields that are mutually and continuously changing: we affect our environment and it affects us – meditation or music can promote a positive human environment. Resonance: from the field of physics. The constant change of the way patterns from higher to lower frequency – the flow of energy between people and everything in the world around them. Can be done through human touch, talking, drawing, storytelling or any active usage of imagination.Helical: any small change in any environmental field causes ripple effect which creates larger changes in other fields; the continuous evolution of change that results from the interact ion of human environment fields. It is both constant and unpredictable and explains the fact that there are many forces that are interacting. This extremely intellectual approach to nursing which was also the result of her education and her thriving for knowledge derives also from a philosophy with a positive attitude to the human being.It seeks for the patient to reach self- actualization as described by Abraham Moscow. I would argue that beyond the theoretical construct she wrote and which can be difficult for the layman to understand, Martha Rogers gave a fundamental belief that nurses are more than simple caregivers and though their communication and understanding of the patient, the nurse can provide a fundamental boost and daily encouragement to the patient to reach well-being. This psychological drive is combined with the scientific elements of knowledge of what is a proper environment for the patient to move forward.This last point is very much in line with the theories put forward by Florence Nightingale in creating a nurturing environment for patients. It is may be a coincidence that both were born on the same day but also remained unmarried dedicated to the cause of nursing at promoting a healthy filed and environment for patients to recover. In your opinion, how did the theory of Martha Rogers enhance and improve the nursing care given to the patients? Martha Rogers believed that nursing was both a science and an art.Her thriving for more scientific knowledge for nurses means that attentions were taken care of by better educated nurses who were more able to understand the medical underpinning of the treatment administered to the patient. At the same time the holistic approach derived from her theoretical research means that patients can expect nurses who are more in tune with the forces which affect their lives and how the environment in which they are recovering can be affected by the attention and care given to them.The overall affect they receiv e is enhanced through the concept of helical – the gentle push given to support the patient's morale by the nurse has a profound effect on the patient's recovery. This is enhanced as the psychological makeup of the patient is affected by the care attention and devotion given by the nurse who has been trained to understand both the technical remedies offered by medicine but also tries to communicate and fosters the energy fields of the patient – his or her resilience in the face of illness and all of the motivation which will help the patient fight for full recovery.Behind the complex words in Martha Rorer's theories, I view the role of the nurse as both understanding the regimen of medical treatment which has been proposed by the doctors but also a close legislation with the patient which means that the patient is not alone in fighting for recovery. It reminds me of the final plea of Patch Adams when he tells his fellow students to listen to the nurses.They have a fing er on the psychological pulse of the patient and can relate to the will for recovery and offer actual support to the patient. By articulating that trained nurses can understand both the technical issues of a treatment as well as the human issues of a patient, Martha Rogers elevates the role of the nurse from a simple caregiver to an individual fully involved in the recovery and well-being of patients.

Criticizing the Successful

Criticizing the Successful Clint Eastwood and squinting. JK Rowling and YA. Clean billionaire romance stories and $80K in sales. Last week a blog poster bashed Clint Eastwood and his squinty eyes, saying he had only one look. Whether you feel he is or isnt limited in his screen personalities, Mr. Eastwood became quite successful acting, writing, producing, and directing stories. Hes highly respected and made a lot of money being so. . . limited. In JK Rowlings early years of Potter, she was accused of promoting evil, demonism, and anti-Christianity. Today shes revered and most people dont recall what those earlier days were all about. A handful of authors jumped on clean billionaire romance stories of 40,000-50,000 words, capitalizing on 50 Shades of Grey only wanting to make them G-rated and quick reads. A friend of mine made $80,000 with those books one year, and her cohorts in the sub-genre made six figures. I love Clint Eastwood, have never read Potter, and do not enjoy reading cozy romance. However, I will indeed admire the business acumen of anyone who figures out a niche, a marketing gimmick, a subgenre, or a voice, and becomes successful at it. I can respect the skills while not enjoying the product.

Full Review Erica Meltzers Complete Guide to ACT Reading

Full Review Erica Meltzer's Complete Guide to ACT Reading SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Erica Meltzer’s test prep books have burst onto the test prep scene (if that wasn't a thing before, it is now) in the last few years, to great acclaim. She's published 2 books on the ACT: The Complete Guide to ACT English and The Complete Guide to ACT Reading (which is what I will be reviewing in this article). While Meltzer's books are high quality, they are not without their flaws, so read on to figure out whether or not this book is appropriate for you and if you should integrate it into your own ACT test prep. All shall be explained! Why Trust This Review? When you get advice (both in general and specifically on the Internet), it’s very important to know why that advice is trustworthy/believable. I don't want to sound alarmist, but your ACT score is pretty important, and following the wrong advice might lead to a bad score and loss of chance to improve it. So why can you trust this review (over other reviews?). Well, for one thing, I know what I'm talking about. While haven’t taken the ACT (yet), I scored two perfect scores on the reading section of the (2005-present) SAT, and have been doing in-depth analysis of the ACT questions by skill set and writing articles on each skill. Other writers who haven't done that sort of analysis don’t necessarily have the expertise to be able to differentiate between books, so they end up recommending books as kind of an afterthought (and it’s pretty obvious). In contrast to other sites (like about.com and reviews.com), who get money if you click on their links to purchase the books they review, I'm not getting paid for this review, and don’t get anything if you end up buying the book. Disclaimers Disclaimer the first: I work at PrepScholar, an education company that produces online SAT and ACT prep programs. PrepScholar diagnoses your strengths and weaknesses and customizes a test prep program to suit your needs. I myself mostly write and edit articles for the associated blog and grade the essays of students taking practice tests through the program. While I think that PrepScholar provides the best prep platform currently available, you don’t necessarily need a prep program to ace the ACT. Which means that writing this guide might actually lost us some customers, since you might decide you don’t need a program after all. If you decide you don’t want to have to deal with 5 different books and want an integrated program that is customized to your learning, however, PrepScholar might be just the thing for you. But I digress. Disclaimer the second: While I did not attend college at the same time as the author of this book, honesty compels me to admit that we did attend the same undergraduate institution. I don’t think this particularly influenced my review, but I wanted to be transparent about it.  ©2009 Laura Staffaroni You've got to admit that's some campus, though. The Complete Guide to ACT Reading: Book Review When thinking about and evaluating any (test prep) book, I consider the following three points: Who’s the author and what’s her experience/background? How effective is this book overall? What are the pros and what are the cons of this book? About the author: Erica Meltzer Erica Meltzer started out as a tutor, but has been publishing SAT and ACT prep books for the last few years. She graduated from Wellesley College, which is a highly prestigious college ranked #4 of all the liberal arts colleges in the country (as of the time of this article’s publication – there’re always fluctuations). Even though Meltzer's focus has been on writing, rather than tutoring, for the past few years, her books show a good deal of insight into the SAT and ACT. In addition, she and her company also offer tutor-training sessions for test prep tutoring. How effective is this book? From my own experience, I know that ACT Reading is the most difficult score to improve. The skills you need to master it (logical/critical reasoning skills) are not as easily taught as the content on the Writing and Math sections. This means that it’s important to focus in on different question types and the skills required so that you can approach the questions in a systematic way. Fortunately, this is the approach Meltzer takes in The Complete Guide to ACT Reading. This book teaches how to get at the core of what each question is asking and how to squeeze the right answer out of the passage. If you're aiming for a 36, this is great for comprehensive drilling. If you’re aiming for a 25 or below, however, this book is probably too thorough. Contrary to popular belief, it’s not always good to study from the hardest material. Why? In this case, because Meltzer focuses on strategies that are the most useful for high scorers, she does not cover strategies that would be more helpful for low or midrange scorers (compare, for instance, our articles on how to get a 36 on ACT Reading and how to improve a low ACT Reading score). Pros and Cons of The Complete Guide to ACT Reading Pros Good breakdown of most skill types. Meltzer has a clear division of questions by major skill type – big picture, detail, inference, tone questions. This makes it easy to dip in and out of the book – if there’s one particular type of question you have problems with, you can focus on that and ignore the other sections fairly easily. Realistic passages and questions. The questions in the book are of high quality, as are the (licensed) excerpts the passage-based questions ask about. Some acknowledgement of different skill levels. Meltzer discusses the strategy of dropping an entire section if you’re a slow reader and have problems with comprehension, and also describes playing â€Å"positive/negative† with tone questions as a means to narrow down. Suggested reading list (to prepare for ACT passages). These suggestions are useful not just for Reading skill practice but also for sources to use for your Writing essay (if you do the essay). Also, I've read Inside of a Dog and really enjoyed it, so some of the books might be interesting as well as educational! Includes two full-length reading sections at the end to practice with. Provides useful skimming strategies and tips for how to approach the passage. Cons Expensive for the amount of material you’re getting. The book is 120 pages, but the last 32 pages are all practice reading questions, and many pages are full reprints of sample reading passages, which means the actual "teaching" content of the book is on the shorter side. Dry writing style. There are no pictures and there's not much layout variety (there's a whole lot of text), so it might be difficult to get into. Basically, it’s no frills, which works for me (I don’t really need to spend hours of my life reading about ACT†¦Reading), but it might be difficult for some students to get through. No real discussion of which questions might be easier/more difficult to answer. Meltzer describes some question types as the â€Å"most challenging,† which does help somewhat, but she does not provide clear â€Å"this is the question you should try to answer first if you’re worried about points on Reading† guidelines, which I think would be helpful. Does not cover paired passages. It has become standard on every ACT Reading section for there to be at least one topic area (often Humanities) with two passages; the ten questions are divided between the passages, with 3 questions that ask about both passages. To be fair, there are barely any materials out there that cover this, including the ACT’s own website, but that doesn't mean that they should be left out of a prep book. Overall Rating As far as I have been able to determine, this is the best book currently out there for ACT Reading prep. If you’re planning on scoring a 31 or above on ACT Reading and prefer to study via book, then this is the right choice for you. It’s ridiculously expensive for the amount of content it contains, and it may be too thorough for some students, but it’s a great choice that can teach you a lot. Overall rating: 75/100 FACEBOOK LIKE by Owen W Brown, used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from original. Alternative Options for ACT Reading Prep I would be remiss if I did not point out that we provide some great free options out there for ACT Reading prep on our blog. In addition to general strategy articles, we also break down Reading questions by skill type with focused suggestions for vocab in context, big picture, little picture, function and development, inference, and paired passage questions. What’s Next? Read our detailed guide to the Best ACT prep books of 2015 and our list of the best ACT Prep Websites you can use to put together your very own study program. What’s a good ACT score for you? Figure it out with our step-by-step guide based around the colleges you’re applying to. Aiming for a high score? Read our guide to scoring a perfect 36 on the ACT overall and on the ACT Reading section, written by our resident perfect scorer (and PrepScholar co-founder) Allen Cheng. Also, don’t forget to check out our top-of-the-class ACT prep program! Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

A Comparison of Student Achievement in Literacy for Students of Low Research Paper

A Comparison of Student Achievement in Literacy for Students of Low Socio-Economic Status and their Participation in a Pre-Kindergarten Program - Research Paper Example Regardless of this, it remains an undeniable fact that there are key factors that are triggered by the socio-economic background of students that hinder them from having successful pre-kindergarten education. Some of these factors include the ability of such students to afford or own supplementary learning materials that are supplied by the school. This research work is therefore committed to comparing the achievement of students in literacy for students of low socio-economic status and their participation in pre-kindergarten programs. Research Problem Though the low socio-economic status of parents of children greatly affect the children’s educational achievement, there still remain a sample of these children from low socio-economic background whose cases have not been given critical attention and these are children from low socio-economic background who do not receive pre-kindergarten education at all. This means that there are generally two groups of children from low socio -economic background, who are those who attend pre-kindergarten and those who do not attend. Among these two, there is a great gap in terms of academic achievement especially when they begin mainstream education. This is because those who attend no pre-kindergarten tend to lack a whole year’s curriculum provisions. ... First, there is the research on the spiral nature of the educational curriculum (Seefeldt, 1993). This particular research sought to examine the relation between lessons studied at the pre-kindergarten stage and the lessons studies in mainstream education starting from the kindergarten stage. The research proved that the pre-kindergarten education is actually a direct continuation of the pre-kindergarten education. The only changes are that as a spiral keeps acquiring a larger bottom as it goes up, so do the lessons taught at the kindergarten level become complicated to those studied at the pre-kindergarten stage. What this means is that studies from low socio-economic backgrounds that stay out of pre-kindergarten education would have great difficulty coping with the advanced learning done in mainstream education. Another research is the one on the natural maturity of the human brain. According to this research, factors that affect the natural maturity of the brain include factors th at allows for personal well-being and satisfaction (Webb, 2003). What this means is that as children continue to be deprived of basic social provisions because of their socio-economic background, their natural rate of mental development becomes affected and this hinders successful learning in mainstream education. Deficiencies in the evidence One area of major deficiency in the evidence presented in the literature or research above has to do with the absence of a study that sought to examine whether at the early stages of their lives, children had any psychological effects of their socio-economic backgrounds. This awareness would have made the literature more complete in the sense that it would

Mary Midgleys Moral Isolationism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Mary Midgleys Moral Isolationism - Essay Example    To put it simply, because an outsider cannot understand other cultures, he or she does not have the right to make judgments about other cultures. Midgley disapproves of this stance as it creates a moral vacuum that tends to hinder one’s critical thinking faculties, â€Å"man’s main evolutionary asset† (36). Furthermore, moral isolationism is just another form of immoralism as it leans towards moral skepticism and the relativism of moral and ethical truths as it â€Å"lay[s] down a general ban on moral reasoning† (36). Midgley’s argument against moral isolationism is five-fold. First, she presents the contradiction that moral isolationists demonstrate when they ask an outsider to show some respect and stop making judgments of other cultures because they simply cannot understand them due to the fact that they are foreigners. Midgley argues that â€Å"nobody can respect what is entirely unintelligible to them† (35). This poses the question that â€Å"if morals are applicable and legitimate only to one’s own culture as he or she cannot understand cultures other than his or her own, then how can one appropriately respect and tolerate cultures that he or she is not a member of?† Furthermore, it is a known fact that people have the capacity to understand other people, be they from different countries. And because cultures are made up of the people that create them and make them unique from others, how then can people not have the faculties to understand and respect other cultu res; and consequently, to make favorable judgments on these different cultures? Midgley’s second argument arises from the fact that throughout history, intelligent outsiders—anthropologists are a very good example—have made sense out of past civilizations and cultures that they were not members of.  

Capital Punishment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

Capital Punishment - Essay Example He says: â€Å"Contrary to major media bias, most Americans support the use of capital punishment.† Americans were of the view that Dzhokhar Tsarnaev should be sentenced to death if found guilty of bombing the Boston Marathon. The Americans also wanted James Holmes and rapist Ariel Castrol to face capital punishment if found guilty. Several politicians and governors in the United States have tried to repeal death penalty but citizens support it. These two authors have based their arguments on some specific aspects to support their stands and opinions. Capital punishment in other states The author who is against the death penalty in the first article says that capital punishment should be abolished in the United States because a majority of the world states have eliminated it. A research was done by Amnesty International and they found out that the United States is among the very few states that still practice this penalty. He is the view that the United States is against fundamentals of a civilization by saying that: â€Å"The fact that the United States is among this percentage should be disturbing to anyone who believes in the basics of a civilized society.† The author against capital punishment does not care whether the act is practiced in other states but he is majorly concerned with the idea of the free world or rather a freedom. He is after protecting the civil society and ensuring that every individual in the United States enjoys the freedom which is a fundamental human right.

Skokie vs. Collin Essay Example for Free

Skokie vs. Collin Essay In Skokie, Illinois Frank Collin wanted to march in the Village of Skokie, Illinois. Skokie had the most Jewish residents per capita in the United States at the time. His political views are representing the National Socialist Party of America because he was a regional leader of the organization. Frank Collin was eventually granted permission to march by the seventh United States circuit court of appeals by the ruling, â€Å"1st amendment is King†. The court also determined that the government couldn’t restrict expression because of a message, idea, subject matter, or content. In the case of Collin vs. Smith, I disagree with the ruling of the seventh US circuit court of appeals. Some people agree with the ruling because if the government were to deny the NSPA the right to march, it could have given the party even more political leverage against the very people who disagree with them. The NSPA could claim the unconstitutionality of the case ruling and would raise more political attention than they had already received. While society wants to morally deny the NSPA the right to march in a public park and express what some may refer to as hate speech, which only instills more political power in the NSPA. I disagree with this stance because if the court denies Frank Collin and the NSPA the right to march, than the court is not granting more attention and political power to them, it is simply following the rules established in the constitution. The NSPA could not use this court ruling against the United States to appeal the decision even further. This ruling would be consistent with all other forms of hate that were denied the freedom of expression. The marches, which were to take place, were certainly in the wrong place at the wrong time and in the wrong manner to promote general welfare and ensure domestic tranquility. Also, I disagree with the ruling of the court because the first amendment does not protect all speech such as hate speech, slander or libel. The signs that the NSPA had were promoting the death of Jewish people and all other non-white Americans or â€Å"anglosaxon descent†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. This is hate speech and is not protected by the first amendment. The written Libel on the signs has a malicious tone and the spoken slander by the Socialist party violates the first amendment. In conclusion, I disagree with the ruling of the seventh US circuit court of appeals in the case of Collin vs. Smith. The court decided that Collin had every right to demonstrate his ideology in a peaceful protest as protected by the first amendment. This ruling serves no justice because the socialist party was violating the exceptions to the first amendment such as hate speech, libel, and finally slander. The demonstrations did not promote general welfare, and violated the tranquility of others.

‘Medicalization’ in Current Health Policy

‘Medicalization’ in Current Health Policy Changing Public Health Priorities From Medicalization to Improving Built Communities Laura Schultz, Brett Weed, Ashini Fernando, Carolyn Moore,  Andrea Andersen, David Garcia Medicalization has greatly increased the emphasis on the delivery of clinical services to individuals, often at the expense of population-based solutions. We examine this phenomenon and offer an alternative that promotes public health by improving social, environmental, and physical determinants of health[HS1]. ‘Medicalization’ in Current Health Policy ‘Medicalization’ is the tendency for the practice of medicine to view a greater proportion of human behavior through a clinical lens (Zola, 1986). Among the examples of medicalization is the direct-to-consumer solicitation of prescription drugs for an arguably ever-increasing repertoire of conditions and afflictions (Frosch, Krueger, Hornik, Cronbolm, Barg, 2007) and increasing access to medical care as is evident through the initiatives implemented by the ACA[HS2]. Ever increasing amounts of money are being invested in treatment of chronic diseases, while a comparatively much smaller proportion is invested in preventing the same conditions (HHS, 2003). The United States spends more than 17% of their GDP on healthcare[HS3]. This per capita health expenditure is more than twice the average of countries of the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (Balding, 2014[HS4]), yet these numbers have translated not into better health but instead, a worsening trend in chronic diseases. US citizens also have significantly lower life expectancy in comparison (Woolf Aron, 2013). Despite these considerable investments in health care delivery, the costs associated with treating the manifestations of poor health continue to rise unabated. Over the last five years in North Carolina alone, approximately USD 80 million of the federal budget for public health was appropriated for primary care for the underserved populations (Trust for America’s Health, 2014[HS5]). Public Health Spending In contrast, public health only receives approximately 3% of the government budget and is underfunded (Balding, 2014). Nationally, 95% of health spending is for the apportionment of clinical services, while only 5% is invested in population-based solutions (Lantz, Licthenstein, Pollack, 2007). In North Carolina this division is even more extreme, with less than 1% of health spending dedicated to public health operations (Table 1[HS6]). Table 1. North Carolina Public Health Appropriations as a Percentage of Public Health Care Spending (Trust for America’s Health, 2014; Chantrill, n.d.) It is worth[CDL7] noting that the leading cause of mortality in the US, cardiovascular disease, accounts for annual healthcare costs that exceed USD $312.6 billion (HHS n.d.), yet when diagnosed early, disease progression can be addressed with non-pharmacological interventions[HS8]. In North Carolina, a mere 0.81% (~ USD 15 million, 2013) of the federal budget for public health was appropriated for prevention measures of all chronic diseases (Trust for America’s Health, 2014). These funding trends appear to support medicalization of health instead of prevention through public health efforts. Rather than continue to invest in a stopgap strategy of mitigating the impact of illness, we propose to instead invest in the prevention of illness[HS9]. Addressing Social Determinants Population health investments within corporate environments have shown considerable financial success and value beyond return on investment (ROI). One corporate wellness program saw a ROI of close to 300%; another company saved an estimated $224 per employee in 2003 dollars from promoting health rather than treating a lack of it (HHS, 2003[HS10]). Applying this same per capita savings rate to North Carolina, shifting funding to prevention and health promotion could yield savings of $2.2 billion annually[3], more than offsetting the annual increases in health services expenditures. Value beyond ROI includes physical and mental health, quality of life, perceived health status and functional capacity. Workplace well-being also promotes other intangibles such as increased social cohesion (Pronk, 2014). There is an established correlation between positive social relationships and health. As Robert Putnam wrote in 2000 in Bowling Alone, â€Å"social capital† conveys the essential health promoting value of communities[HS11]. It is defined as â€Å"the social networks and interactions that inspire trust and reciprocity among citizens† (as cited in Leyden, 2003). Social isolation, independent of other lifestyle factors, is linked to premature death and decreased resistance to disease (Cohen, 2001). Beyond individual health, social capital is associated with political engagement, volunteerism, decreased crime rates and economic development (Leyden, 2003). Research has shown that when we design our communities to encourage social engagement there is a positive effect on the psychological and physical health of the residents (Leyden, 2003[HS12]). Since the advent of the automobile, the design of our communities has included limited transportation choices. Most individuals choose to travel by car because urban design has made most options for pedestrians unsafe (Vandergrift, 2004). The US, compared to other high income European countries with better health measures, have at least 25% more automobiles per 1000 people (Woolf Aron, 2013). European Countries also have policies which limit sprawl and prioritize â€Å"urban centralization†. Though difficult to quantify, these environmental factors are likely to contribute to the health disparities and disadvantages in the US (Woolf Aron, 2013). Political and social conditions and constructs, racism for example, also results in poor urban design that compound health disparities including limited access to businesses and markets, exposure to environmental toxins, and lack of opportunities for social participation. Specifically, infrastructure investment decisions, such as libraries, parks, public safety and maintenance are likely to be allocated to geographic areas populated by citizens with greater socioeconomic status and political power, which further marginalize disadvantaged socioeconomic groups (Schulz Northridge, 2004). Alternatively, mixed use, pedestrian friendly communities are based on thoughtful design and include intact town centers, multiple income residences and well linked streets that are designed for people, not automobiles (Walkable Communities, n.d.). Prioritized determinants of health, which we expect to improve because of innovative planning include increased social engagement, improved economic status and increased physical activity (Walkable Communities, n.d.). As of 2012, approximately 50% of the US adult population has been shown to suffer from chronic diseases. However, adequate physical activity has been scientifically proven to prevent or improve these chronic disease conditions[HS13]. Yet, according to a 2011 statistic from the CDC, 76% of adults did not meet the recommendation for muscle-strengthening physical activity which is a known risk for heart disease (CDC, 2014). There are states where the built environment is viewed as worthy of significant investment to improve population health. Specifically, in Massachusetts there are two examples of lower than average socioeconomic status communities where health impact assessments indicate that built environmental improvements would improve social factors and likely decrease expenses in medical intervention. In Somerville, there is a community driven planned change to a bisecting interstate. This plan, made with consideration for social health determinants of the residents includes multi use bike and walking paths with increased access to all areas of the community[HS14]. Community-wide access will provide opportunities for social interaction, physical activity and increased choices for employment (MassDOT, 2013). A community with similar demographics, Fall River, has proposed common trails for recreation and pedestrian and bicycle travel that connect residents to businesses. This is predicted to improv e every health determinant the HIA evaluated (MAPC, 2013). Based on a review of state sponsored health impact assessments in other communities, there is a significant relationship between communities with walkable pathways and health (Rails to Trails Conservancy, 2013). We propose that thoughtful environmental structure enhancements such as multi-use walking and biking paths will connect neighborhoods and businesses. In turn, we believe these changes will positively affect social cohesion, economic viability and physical activity, which are all key determinants of health that can improve with innovative public policy implementation[HS15]. Conclusion and Recommendations Evidence from state sponsored health impact assessments in other communities, indicates that there is a positive correlation between communities with walkable pathways and health (Rails to Trails Conservancy, 2013). Environmental structure enhancements such as multi-use walking and biking paths that connect neighborhoods and businesses could positively influence population health in North Carolina. We believe these changes will positively affect social cohesion, economic viability and physical activity, which are all key determinants of health that can improve with innovative public policy implementation. In North Carolina there are 31 completed Rails to Trails programs (NC Rails-Trails, 2014). This national program improves the built environment by converting former railroad routes to pedestrian and bike friendly paths. However, only 2 of the 31 completed trails are located in counties with the poorest health scores (RWJF 2014; NC Rails to Trails, 2014). Eastern North Carolina, where 9 out of 10 of the most poorly rated counties for health outcomes are located, also have the fewest trail initiatives (NC Rails-Trails, 2014). This skewed distribution of environmental improvements further demonstrates the way in which populations within poor socioeconomic communities are financially neglected, and thus likely to continue to suffer from worse health outcomes. Using Massachusetts as an example, the state’s Department of Health and Human Services has initiated a program to identify communities with the lowest socioeconomic status and assist them to â€Å"build policies, systems and environments that promote wellness and healthy living† (MassDOT, 2013). In partnership with state and county planning officials, public health leaders, and state demographers, our plan is to target lower socioeconomic communities, initially focusing on a county with the poorest health indicators, to plan and build multi-use trails. We request priority funding allocated through the US Department of Transportation via the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century ACT (MAP-21), as well as private foundation grants that prioritize state population health improvements like the Annie E. Casey and Doris Duke foundations. Our plan for advocacy is to engage community members in the trail project as stakeholders. Specifically we will encourage our members to influence policy decisions through community informational meetings, including letter writing assistance intended to exert pressure on local politicians. We intend to host community or health center â€Å"coffees† with opportunities to meet county commissioners and planners. Media coverage in the lo cal newspaper is another part of our advocacy plan. Specifically, we will engage local media in an effort to â€Å"frame† the problem of poor environmental design and how it impacts health by profiling one citizen with health risks and limited transportation options who lives on a pedestrian unsafe street, visually depicting the social isolation inherent in this environment though a photo layout[HS16]. By engaging our most vulnerable North Carolina citizens to take part in improving their quality of life and ultimately their health and longevity, we will have the best chance at community environmental improvement as a long term effort. The time is now to refocus our priorities on health investment through prevention and promotion of public health efforts rather than treatment of diseases. References Blanding, M. (2012). Public Health and the U.S. Economy. Retrieved from http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/magazine/public-health-economy-election/. Chantrill, C. (n.d.). North Carolina Government Spending Chart. Retrieved from http://www.usgovernmentspending.com/spending_chart_2003_2019NCb_16s1li111mcn_13l14t Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2014, October). Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/overview/index.htm. Cohen, S (2001). Social relationships and health: Berkman syme (1979). Advances in mind-body medicine. 17(1):5-7. Frosch, D. L., Krueger, P. M., Hornik, R. C., Cronbolm, P. F., Barg, F. K. (2007). Creating Demand for Prescription Drugs: A Content Analysis of Television Direct-to-Consumer Advertising. Annals of Family Medicine, 5(1), 6-13. Lantz, P. M., Licthenstein R. L., Pollack, H. A. (2007). Health policy approaches to population health: The Limits of medicalization. Health Affairs, 26(5), 1253-1257. Leyden, K. (2003). Social Capital and the Built Environment: The Importance of Walkable Neighborhoods. American Journal of Public Health, 93(9), 1546-1551. Massachusetts Department of Transportation. (2013). Health Impact Assessment of the Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT) McGrath Grounding Study. 2013. Retrieved from http://www.massdot.state.ma.us/groundingmcgrath/HealthImpactAssessment.aspx. Metropolitan Area Planning Council (MAPC) (2013). Health Impact Assessment: Quequechan River Rail Trail Phase 2. Retrieved from http://www.mapc.org/quequechan-river-rail-trail-hia. NC Rails-Trails (2014, September). Resources. Retrieved from http://www.ncrailtrails.org/web/resources. Pronk, N. P. (2014). Placing Workplace Wellness in Proper Context: Value Beyond Money. Preventing Chronic Disease 11, 1-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd11.140128 Putnam, R. (2000). Bowling Alone: The collapse and revival of American community. New York: Simon Schuster. Rails to Trails Conservancy. Health and Wellness Benefits. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.railstotrails.org/ourWork/trailBasics/benefits.html. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (2014). County Health Rankings and Roadmaps, Building a Culture of Health County by County; 2014 Rankings; North Carolina. Retrieved from http://www.countyhealthrankings.org/sites/default/files/state/downloads/CHR2014_NC_v2.pdf Schulz, A., Northridge, M. E. (2004). Social determinants of health: Implications for Environmental Health Promotion. Health Education and Behavior, 31(4), 455-471. Trust for Americas Health (2014). Key Health Data about North Carolina. Retrieved from http://healthyamericans.org/states/?stateid=NC#section=3,year=2009,code=undefined US Census Bureau (2014, July 8). NC quick facts. Retrieved from http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/37000.html US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) (2003, September). Prevention makes common â€Å"cents†. Retrieved from http://aspe.hhs.gov/health/prevention/. US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) (n.d.). About Heart Disease Stroke. Retrieved from http://millionhearts.hhs.gov/abouthds/cost-consequences.html#cost. Vandergrift, D., Yoked, T. V. (2004). Obesity rates, income, and suburban sprawl: an analysis of US states. Health Place, 10, 221-229. Walkable Communities, Inc. (n.d.).Walkable Communities FAQ. Retrieved from http://walkable.org/faqs.html. Woolf, S. H., Aron, L. Y. (Eds.). (2013). U.S. Health in International Perspective: Shorter Lives, Poorer Health. Washington DC: National Academies Press. Zola, I. K. (1986). Medicine as an institution of social control. In P. Conrad R. Kern (Eds.), The sociology of health and illness. New York: St. Martins Press. [1] Rounded to nearest million [2] Rounded to nearest ten million; represents NC state and locality public health care spending [3] Based on 2013 NC Population Estimate of 9,848,060 (US Census Bureau 2014). [HS1]Nice introduction to your paper [HS2]Good examples [HS3]Is this from your Balding reference? This statement needs to be referenced. [HS4]This is listed as Blanding on your reference list. [HS5]Very nice section, your reader will have a good understanding of medicalization after reading this section [HS6]Great reference and statistics that support your premise [CDL7]Do not use this construct in this class, â€Å"it is†, â€Å"there are†, etc. [HS8]Such as implementing lifestyle changes with diet exercise. [HS9]Very good! [HS10]Impressive! [HS11]Very interesting, I will be reading this. [HS12]Great examples and points being made, excellent references. [HS13]You need a reference here [HS14]This entire section isn’t referenced. Unless this information is considered to be â€Å"common knowledge† e.g. it came from your own brain or was information you were aware of prior to writing this paper, it needs to have a citation. Please review when to cite from UNC library http://www2.lib.unc.edu/instruct/citations/index.html?section=why_we_cite [HS15]Great ideas [HS16]Great ideas and plan of action